Introduction
Pangasius(Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) farming is One of the fastest growing types of aquaculture of the world as well as in India.The major markets for this fish are the European Union, Russia, Southeast Asia and the United States. Vietnam is the highest producing country in the world. In india pangasius is being cultivated in many state like Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala and Orissa, Maharashtra , bihar, etc. india is also exporting Pangasius in european countries as well as growing demand in domestic markets.The fish's relatively low cost, mild flavour and delicate texture have allowed consumption to rise across the world.
About Pangasius
Body long, latterly flattened with no scales. Head relatively small. Mouth broad with small sharp teeth on jaw, vomerine and palatal bones. Eyes relatively large. Two pairs of barbels, upper shorter than the lower. Fins dark grey or black . The Pangasius fish grows up quite rapidly. It lives mostly in freshwater, but it can tolerate brackish water with a salt concentration of 0.7% - 1%, and alum water (PH > 5). which can be fatal at temperatures lower than 15 degree Celsius, but can be tolerated at temperatures as high as 39 degree Celsius. Fingerlings can reach 4-6 cm in 40-50 days post-hatch. The stoking has further been intensified in monoculture and it is 30,000 fingerlings/acer in nursery ponds under intensive culture, each pond produces 50 tons/ ha of 1 kg fish. Under poly culture, the stocking density of Pangasius( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) should not be more than 10,000/ ha .As for commercially farmed fish, those weighing from 800 grams to 1,100 grams, after 6 to 8 months.
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Cultivation of Pangasius
Pangasius can be cultivated in both pond and cage with
a stocking of high density. The Net cage size from 50 to 1 600 m3 with bigger cage normally having living quarters over the water. Ongrowing cage are commonly stocked at 100-150/m3 and yields are commonly 100-120 kg/m3/crop. Pond preparation is the same as general preparation for fish ponds. Sundry the pond until the pond bottom cracks to eliminate unwanted fish species and condition the pond. Stocking should be done early morning or late afternoon. Survival rate of Pangasius spp. is estimated to be 80-90% depending on the culture environment. The simple design pond of 10,000 sqm can stock 20-40 fish/m2, intensive monoculture ponds are usually stocked at 40-60/m2, with some grow-out farmers stocking even higher. Striped catfish reach 1.0-1.5 kg after 6 months or less, depending on the size of fingerlings stocked.
Water Management.
Water is important for all fish, so optimum conditions for certain parameters of water should be the primary factor to consider in engaging to fish culture. Water quality parameters like pH (6.5-7.5), Dissolve Oxygen (DO) (0.1 mg/l), Temperature (25-30° C), Salinity (<2 ppt) and water depth (1.5-2m). These should be maintained to get a better yield for the culture of Pangasius spp. Pangasius spp. is an air breathing fish thus, they don’t need to have a much higher DO in the water column.
Feeding Management
Pangasius can be fed with kitchen waste, rice bran or pelleted feeds (recommended for faster growth and better fish quality) at a rate of 2.5% of their average body weight (ABW) and will be adjusted two time weekly. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) averages to 1.5:1, which makes it a suitable for culture.Commercial feed is more expensive then alternate option of home made feed. young fish cannot feed well on homemade feed so industrial feed is often used during the first two months of the grow-out culture system.home made feed also consist of rich source of protein such as soybean meal, corn, dried fish, meat bone meal and poultry.Farmer can also add some additional ingredient like vitamin C, lysine, anti-oxidants, probiotics, vitamins and a mineral premix to improve the quality of feed. Pangasius is omnivorous (eat both plants and animals) during their first year and become herbivorous for the following years.
Disease in Pangasius
BNP (Bacillary Necrosis of Pangasius) - this is caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri, a bacteria that survives in pond water for around 2 weeks and up to three to four months in pond mud. Fingerlings and juvenile fish are most at risk, although fish of all ages can be affected.
High stocking densities, pollutants, health problems and crowding can bring on the disease. It is usually fatal, and mortality rates increase rapidly.
Clinical signs tend to become apparent immediately before death when the fish swim slowly at the surface of the water, and look pale with internal white spots on the liver, kidney and spleen.
Treatment-Use the antibiotic along with proper measure of water parameters like Ph,Oxygen and Temperature.
Red Spot Disease - brought on by a group of motile aeromonas septicaemia, this disease occurs in fingerlings and during the grow-out phase.
Symptoms include slow swimming, no food intake, haemorrhages on the head, mouth and base of the fins and possible gas in the gut.
Conditions that favour red spot disease are high stocking densities, environmental pollutants and organic mud in ponds. Red Spot Disease is more likely to occur when the fish are stressed, for example during handling or transportation.
Treatment- Use antibiotic , liming water and improving water quality, together with removal of infected fish, is often effective in reducing mortalities.
Parasite Diseases - these are brought on by Trichodina spp and Epistylis spp. Symptoms include slow swimming at the surface of the water, disorientation, lesions, fin rot, white spots on the body and difficulty breathing.
Fish are also vulnerable to bacterial infections as they become very weak and have less of an appetite. Sporadic outbreaks with a low mortality rate also occur. Adverse climate conditions, such as downpours of rain followed immediately by sunshine, can help bring on the disease, as well as poor water quality and high stocking densities.
Treatment- Copper sulphate or formalin can be used as a treatment. Generally, disinfection is an effective way to control the parasites.
For More Info , Please Contacts
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Mr. Rakesh Kumar- +91-9136232536
Mr. Amit Shinde- +91-9689737485
Mr. Amit Rajput- +91-7016407762
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Email- kpagrosons@gmail.com
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